Forbidden Love The Hidden History Of Mixed Race America

Forbidden Love: The Hidden History of Mixed-Race America is a text that highlights the racial progression of the United States. In a span of over 400 years, the author Gary Nash cites many instances of interracial relationships. This abundance of examples serves to show a contrast in America between government measures and social occurrences. A story such as that of John Rolfe and Pocahontas is used to show how [their union] could have become the beginning of an open racially intermixed United States (6). Very soon after, however, events such as those surrounding Sam Houston proved to show that interracial relationships have quickly been discounted from common history lessons. In an effort to illustrate racial progression Nash also cites examples of individuals such as Frederick Douglass. It is important to note that, yes Douglass had first married to a white woman, but this should not overshadow the accomplishments of Douglass s life. Lastly, Gary Nash writes about the bounda ry-crossing revolution. Music is cited as a big factor of this boundary crossing . In the end, a vast majority of these stories are not freely told in a classroom setting or within communities. Gary Nash s text makes the argument that, despite racial discrimination, there are individuals who rise up and defy these (often times) government-defined social boundaries. These feats of race revolt are hidden in plain sight. Events such as these are often discounted even omitted fromShow MoreRelatedForbidden Love Or Forced Partner?1730 Words   |  7 PagesJulissa Ruiz Prof. Hunter Intro to Afram Studies November 24, 2014 Forbidden Love Or Forced Partner? When our nation was divided because of skin color, dating someone who was not of the same complexion was seen as a criminal act. Interracial relationships between white Americans and African Americans, when slavery was still legal, was seen as taboo, and many attempted to prevent them from occurring. Laws were passed prohibiting personal relationships between the two cultures, which many paid littleRead MoreThe Genre of Stokers Dracula Essay6296 Words   |  26 Pages rejecting mothers. The style is vastly descriptive especially the physical aspects. His style especially the sexual tension in the scenes not only titillates with its potential for homo-erotic union, but also arouses the characterà ®Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¸ hidden wells of sexuality and fantasy, which were earlier unspoken of amongst Victorians. Stoker exposes the sexual aspect of the book by making the women (the three women vampires) usurp the male prerogative of initiating sex. It shattersRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 Pagesopus of O V Vijayan, The Legends of Khasak offers a fitting study for asserting his stance among the literary genius of the nation which forms an area of study of Comparative Literature. A self-translated rendering of a master piece that resets the history of Malayalam fiction, The Legends of Khasak is also a rich specimen for translation studies. Cast in an antique, surreal environs, yet narrating the tale of psychologically intricate characters whose lives are closely interlinked with myths, the novelRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagesliterary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin wrote: â€Å"The Renaissance conception of laughter can be roughly described as follows: Laughter has a deep philosophical meaning, it is one of the essential forms of the truth concerning the world as a whole, concerning history and man; it is a peculiar point of view relative to the world; the world is seen anew, no less (and perhaps mo re) profoundly than when seen from the serious standpoint. Therefore, laughter is just as admissible in great literature, posing universalRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagesthe best interests of the very order and proper uniformity that had long been our goal, that the General Conference Committee took action in 1931 to publish a church manual. J. L. McElhany, then vice-president of the General Conference for North America, and later president of the General Conference for fourteen years, was asked to prepare the manuscript. This manuscript was carefully examined by the General Conference Committee and then published in 1932. The opening sentence of the preface of thatRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesstores, such as Kingsway but these will eventually need to be replaced. It was originally prepared in Ibadan and some of the examples reflect this. Cultural and monetary references may well induce nostalgia in those familiar with the more recen t history of Nigeria1. Web publication is therefore an intermediate step, while efforts are underway to produce an acceptable version for a press. Roger Blench Cambridge November 2006. 1 e.g. the example ‘The members of staff of the Kingsway stores enjoyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages150 152 152 153 156 159 159 160 161 164 171 176 179 186 . x Contents Chapter 5 Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Introduction What is postmodernism? Is postmodernism anything new? The history Post-industrialism and the information society The virtual organization Neo-fordism, flexible specialization and post-fordism The regulation school Institutionalist school The ‘managerialist’ school The flexible firm – critique Postmodern organizationsRead MoreVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 PagesHarperCollinsPublishers 10 East 53rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10022 Copyright  © 1991 by Daniel Weiss Associates, Inc. and Lisa Smith Cover art copyright  © 1991 by Daniel Weiss Associates, Inc. First printing: September, 1991 Printed in the United States of America HarperPaperbacks and colophon are trademarks of HarperCollinsPublishers The Awakening Chapter One ^ raquo; September 4 Dear Diary, Something awful is going to happen today. I dont know why I wrote that. Its crazy. Theres no reason forRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesappear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCard Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First published in 2007 Libraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 A Member of the Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our grandchildren Annika, Jacob, Katherine, Madison, Magnus, and Molly

Essay about Kant´s Theory Categorical Imperative and its...

â€Å"Morality is not the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness†. Two things that are not compatible are what an individual should do and what the individual wants to do. When an individual does what they want to do they end up in a road that will lead them into immediate happiness but will not benefit them in the long run. On the other hand when the individual is doing what they should do it will bring them a feeling of discomfort and unhappiness but will benefit them at the end. The purpose of Kantianism is to tell us that morality is not to make us happy but the whole purpose is to do the right thing just for the sake of doing it. Eventually doing the right thing will lead us to our†¦show more content†¦Will is leading by reasons which forms two imperatives. Imperatives are the â€Å"shoulds† in our lives. Hypothetical imperative bring results but has nothing to do with morality. We should not blame o r praised if we do not have complete control over the consequences of our actions. Another imperative is categorical, categorical is universal. When having to do decision making if the person does not generalize their behavior without conflict then the decision should not be made. Kant’s morality is never relative but it is absolute. Kant said that it’s either right all the time or it’s not right at all. When it comes to lying Kant says lying is wrong even when it be used to save someone’s life or to do something that we feel correct like not hurting someone’s feelings. Kant says that doing well for ourselves is not always a good thing also when we do good things we sometimes end up hurting other people without us realizing it. Kant said that the emotions are not a reliable source when making moral actions because emotions are not stable they are constantly changing. People will disagree on discussing on whether respect is an emotion but Kant states that respect is something completely different than fear or desire. When given the example of having the opportunely to cheat when knowing that they won’t get cause Kant has his answer. Kant is not aShow MoreRelatedKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesReason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strict interpretation of Categorical Imperative and a more liberal interpretationRead MoreKant And The Moral Law1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Kant argues that mere conformity with the moral law is not sufficient for moral goodness. I will argue that Kant is right. In this essay I will explain why Kant distinguishes between conforming with the moral law and acting for the sake of the moral law, and what that distinction means to Kant, before arguing why Kant was right. 2) Meaning of Kant’s Statement Why: According to Kant, we can control the will and meaning behind our actions. The morality of an action should be assessedRead MoreWhat Has Posterity Ever Done For Me By Robert Heilbroner1626 Words   |  7 Pagesregards to preserving the planet. In this paper, I will present Heilbroner s arguments for posterity, in relation to how we treat our environment. In addition, I will compare two ethical theories, Kant s Categorical Imperative to Mill s theory of Utilitarianism. I will then argue as to why Utilitarianism is more plausible in respect to Heilbroner s environmental view on posterity. Furthermore, I will point out why Kantian theory does not at all support the idea of environmental preservation for futureRead MoreThe Moral Value Of Ethics1261 Words   |  6 PagesDeontology Of the many theories non-consequentialism produces, one is called Deontology. This theory states the only way to complete a moral action is by doing ones duty. In Deontology, the end result is irrelevant meaning bad consequences have no affect on the morality of the action. The thesis I will prove is when deciding on the best course of action the principles of Deontology ethics and their emphasis on considerations of doing ones duty, offer effective framework for the moral value ofRead MoreKant s Critique Of Pure Reason Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesKant Modern Philosopher Immanuel Kant, was born in Prussia in 1724 and passed away in 1804. Kant wrote the famous book â€Å"A Critique Of Pure Reason† where he mentions and talks about David Hume, and how he himself was awoke from his stubborn beliefs. Many people find Kant’s Theory as a form deontological ethics; where actions of right and wrong. Does not depend on their consequences, but on whether they fulfill our duty and/or obligations. Immanuel Kant emphasized the idea that we have duties andRead MoreKant And Kant s Categorical Imperative1241 Words   |  5 Pages Immanuel Kant, an 18th-century moral philosopher, had contended that the fundamental principle of morality is the Categorical Imperative, from here will be additionally labeled as (CI) or otherwise mentioned. He supported his view by suggesting a pure moral philosophy; a metaphysics of morals that is not solely for rational beings to explore different ¬ sources of basic moral principles that are found th rough their own observational experience a priori, but additionally for the sake of morality asRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesutilitarianism, Kant was more focused on intent and action itself. This leads into one of Kantian ethics main ideals; you mustn’t treat another human being as a means to an end. Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI) is a deontological theory, which relied heavily on his belief that humans are all capable of reason in the same manner, on the same level (A Brief Summary of Kant s Categorical Imperative, 2012). Kant recognized 2 kinds of moral ‘imperatives’, a hypothetical imperative (what must be doneRead MoreEssay on The Golden Rule in Kant and Mills Ethical Theories1320 Words   |  6 Pagesbad and right or wrong. It is a theory dealing with values that relate to human behaviour; with respect to their actions and purpose. The two most important philosophers that deal with ethics are Immanuel Kan t and John Stuart Mill. Kant’s ethical theory is Kantianism or deontological ethics. Mill’s ethical theory is utilitarianism. Both philosophers’ theories have many differences; Kant’s theory deals with conduct, seeking reason for good action in duty. Mill’s theory deals with consequences and maximizingRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Ethical Theory1527 Words   |  7 Pagesassess whether one s actions are just and whether we can truly make the right decision based on any ethical framework. An ethical structure such as Universalism, is most often associated with Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant was a philosopher of German descent, who lived from 1724- 1804 and was most notable for his work in ethics. Kant suggest that one should assess whether an act is right or wrong by weighing if it is honest, fair , respectful and just. Due to Immanuel Kant s frustration with theRead MoreKant And The Categorical Imperative1177 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant was a phi losopher who tried to work out how human beings could be good and kind outside admiration and devotion of traditional religions. Kant was a pessimist about human character and believed that we are by nature intensely prone to corruption. This became more clear to Kant after reading the work of philosopher David Hume. It was this that led him to formulate his life’s project, the desire to replace religious authority with the authority of reason, that is human intelligence. When

The Three Articles Of The United States Constitution

The first three articles of the United States Constitution establish the three branches of the government. The first article is the legislative branch, the second the legislative branch, and the third is the judicial branch. Each is designed, so that no branch of government has too much power over the other branch. The branches generally need approval from one other branch to proceed with an item that is on their agenda. Without this balance one branch would have too much power in which would lop side the government on one side. The Article I creates the Legislative Branch which comprises the Congress of the United States. The legislative branch is separated into ten separate sections and is also the longest of the articles and congress is also a bicameral legislature. This article sets up the congress with an upper house and the lower house. The upper house is known as the senate and comprises of 100 members. Each state is represented by two members from each state for a total of 10 0 members. The leader of the senate is known as the President of the Senate but who actually is the Vice President of the United States is but the only time he votes for legislation is when there is a tie. The term length for a Senator is six years, in which one third of Senators are up for reelection every two years. The Senate also has the power to approve treaties as a condition of ratification and approve members of the cabinet and Federal judges. The Senate also has the power to tryShow MoreRelatedUnited States Vs. Virginia Constitution. In A Quick Observation,1115 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States VS. Virginia Constitution In a quick observation, it may be easy to observe that the Constitution of Virginia is much larger in length and detail than the United States Constitution. There are many differences between these two constitutions besides the authors or contributors being that James Madison contributed to both, however, he was not the complete author of the Constitution of Virginia (Constitutions of Virginia). Both Constitutions have the same idea in which it holds threeRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Consti tution, which is still in effect today. (Articles ofRead MoreConstitution and Systems of Georgia Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and Systems of Georgia CaSandra Edmonds POL 215 January 10, 2011 Rosalind McAdams Constitution and Systems of Georgia â€Å"To perpetuate the principles of free government, insure justice to all, preserve peace, promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and of the family† (Constitution of the state of Georgia, 2007, p. 4). These words begin the preamble of the Constitution of the State of Georgia. Within the realms of reality, every individual needs to believe that preservingRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The United States1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Articles of Confederation, which was considered the first constitution of the United States of America, and the US Constitution, which acts as the supreme law in the United States today, both are poles apart. In fact, it was only because of the weaknesses of the Articles that the present-day US Constitution was drafted. The Articles of Confederation or Articles was a written agreement which laid the guidelines for the functioning of the national government. It was drafted by the Continental CongressRead MoreThe Constit ution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreUs Constitution Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesIs the constitution still appropriate for America in the 21st Century? Written in seventeen- eighty-nine, being two hundred and twenty-five years old, Today, many of us question whether or not the United States Constitution is still relevant. When our founding fathers wrote the Constitution, it was written according to their needs in the eighteenth century. According to the Bill of Rights, everyone has the right to bear arms, but in the twenty-first century what exactly does it mean to have theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States National Government1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe Constitution The American Constitution is â€Å"a system of basic laws and principles that establish the nature, functions and limits of a government or other institution† (Harr, Hess Orthmann, 2012). The purpose of the Constitution was to make it so that no single person would be able to have power over all others. Before the Constitution even came about, there was the first development of the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were written after the United States hadRead MoreCharles Beard‚Äà ´s Article, Framing the Constitution796 Words   |  4 PagesBeard’s article, Framing the Constitution, alleges the members of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia were â€Å"disinterested† in providing basic rights for citizens. He stated that the framers of the Constitution of the United States were only concerned in improving their own economic well–being and personal agendas. Therefore, providing information of the events that led up to the Philadelphia Convention and an overview of the Constitution will dismiss his statements, and state his articleRead MoreArticles Of Confederation And The Writing Of The Us Constitution1117 Words   |  5 PagesArticles of Confederation and the Writing of the US Constitution Brandon Robison Robib567@yahoo.com United States History Devry University â€Æ' Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation; this was the first constitution for the United States, on November, 1777. However, approval of the Articles of Confederation by all thirteen states did not occur until March, 1781. The Articles created a loose fellowship of sovereign states and a poor central government, leaving most of the power withRead MoreEssay on The Constitution of the United States 750 Words   |  3 PagesThe Constitution of the United States was written in 1787 at the Constitutional Convention, where it was held in Philadelphia. It was written by a group of people known as â€Å"Farmers,† or the â€Å"Founding Fathers,† and few of the most famous Founding Fathers were George Washington (The first president of the USA), Thomas Jefferson (The first vice president and the third president of the USA) James Madison (The fourth president of the USA), Samuel Adams, and Benjamin Franklin. The old government, the Articles

The Soviet Withdrawal From Afghanistan - 1224 Words

In the 1970s Afghanistan got most of its income from the international state system, but the societies were split between a rural and urban economy. The Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989 created predation by commanders and smuggling into Pakistan because of this high risk environment peasants had to adapt. The Taliban was created by Afghan and Pakistan religious leaders to benefit from social capital because of commanders imposed heavy costs on trades between Pakistan and Afghanistan (Rubin, 2000, p. 1791). Since the reign of the Taliban and constant conflict, Afghanistan has yet to establish a stable economy and functional administration. This lack of administration has left the country open to weak economic development. The country has seen failures in the processes of trying to establish businesses and many impediments in private-sector production and investment such as an underdeveloped financial sector and infrequent access to finances. It has seen a severely underdeveloped labor market, and very poor social welfare programs. Afghanistan sees very low education rates and mass unemployment. The country also sees a problem with resource and economic distribution. This poverty, underdevelopment, and instability are often associated with country’s that are willing to be safe havens for terrorists. Because of these poverty and instability conditions Afghanistan has created a country where rational terrorist see a high opportunity cost and a low risk to their actionsShow MoreRelat edOperation Cyclone : The United States Central Intelligence Agency ( Cia ) Program1452 Words   |  6 Pageswarriors in Afghanistan .The program inclined vigorously towards supporting activist Islamic gatherings that were supported by the administration of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in neighboring Pakistan. Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most costly secret CIA operations ever attempted. Subsidizing proceeded after 1989 as the mujahideen fought the strengths of Mohammad Najibullah s PDPA amid the common war in Afghanistan. Nur Muhammad Taraki communist supporters, seized control in Afghanistan on 1978Read MoreA Day Inside Afghanistan1679 Words   |  7 PagesIn a small, crumbling, mud building, deep inside Afghanistan, a few mullahs sat, drank tea and discussed the future of their country. They watched their homeland plunge into disarray after the withdrawal of the Soviet army and downfall of the Soviet-backed government. Additionally, they witnessed corruption, bloodshed and fellow countrymen living a life other than the prophetic way prescribed in the Hadith. It was with these realizations, and determination to cleanse their homeland, a movement wouldRead MoreHistory of Afghanistan and Pakistan1197 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Historically Afghanistan and Pakistan have had a good relationship. During the 1980s, Afghan refugees used the Durand Line border to flee the soviet takeover of their country. With funds aid from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Pakistan hosted over 3 million Afghans at various refugee camps. In 1999, the United States gave $70 million in assistance to Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Pakistan also became the major training ground for the Mujahideen rebel fighters who foughtRead MoreU.s. Troops From Afghanistan2839 Words   |  12 Pages Exiting Afghanistan Austin Schmidt American Government Mr. Pankow November 18, 2014 Over the years there s been a lot of controversy over the fact that U.S. troops are currently residing in Afghanistan and have been there since 2001. Many are wondering why we re still there and why haven t we left yet. Others want to know the positive outcomes of the roughly thirteen years that our troops have been there. Are we doing the right thing by being there? Background information aboutRead MoreThe Beginning of the End for the Cold War1228 Words   |  5 PagesDeclining economy and diminishing legitimacy of the Soviet system at domestic level did play a crucial role, however, many realist believe that it was the US especially President Regan’s policies (Regan Doctrine) which concluded the Cold War contest with victory for the west. Kegley believes that by engaging Moscow in an arm race, the Soviet Union was dragged into a competition which exhausted their already fragile economy leading them initially into retrenchment and ultimately out of the contestRead MoreAfghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear Have Both Fixed Their Eyes?1466 Words   |  6 PagesAfghanistan , a buffer state between two super powers in the first half of 20th century, was pulled into war during the latter half, first against the USSR and then against the local rival groups or militias. The 21st century yet again brought this country into a nother conflict. This time it was the West led by the Americans and their puppet Pakistan, the former allies in driving out Russia from Afghanistan. The traditional buffer state of Afghanistan, due to its location at the cross roads of AsiaRead MoreIrregular Warfare: One Nature, Many Characters1740 Words   |  7 Pagesstable political system (democracy), and globally dominate economy, we can and will, be successful in COIN operations. Examining each of these pillars of power will illustrate the advantage the United States has already demonstrated in Iraq and Afghanistan, and how these pillars will give us the strategic advantage in irregular warfare or â€Å"COIN,† going forward. Three pillars form the foundation of my argument of why the United States can and should engage in COIN operations in the future. TheRead MoreAl Qaeda Terrorist Group1239 Words   |  5 Pagesin the world. It was established around 1990 by a Saudi millionaire, Osama Bin Laden, to bring together Arabs who fought in Afghanistan against the Soviet invasion. The goal of the organization is to reestablish the Muslim state throughout the world. Al Qaeda works with allied Islamic extremist groups to overthrow regimes it deems non-Islamic and remove Westerners from Muslin countries. Groups affiliated with Al Qaeda have conducted numerous bombings and other violent attacks throughout theRead MoreThe Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan1704 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Throughout history the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has faced numerous invasions, a series of civil wars and enormous bloodshed. In 1978 the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in a coup against President Mohamed Daoud in what is known as the Saur Revolution. This revolution is said to be the catalyst for upheaval and armed resistance that would follow for the next 20 years. Opposition of the communist regime resulted in the rise of guerilla mujahideen forcesRead MoreAfghanistan ( Post Soviet )1192 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: Insurgency in Afghanistan (Post-Soviet), 1992–1996 By Mukesh Kesharwani 27-Dec-14 Mujahideen’s Afganistan 1992-1996 Afganistan is a terrotity which was a battleground between the great powers for centuries. Afganistan history is a war history since the 3rd Century when it was a part of Ashoka’s Maurayan Empire and becomes a buffer state between British and Russian empire by the end of the 19th Century. War culture produced a great warriors of history like Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni

Film Music †Crash Free Essays

CRITICAL STUDIES: Film Music Assessment 1: Research Essay Crash (2004) – Composer: Mark Isham Crash is a film directed by Paul Haggis and was released in 2004. The film depicts various social and political themes, the strongest being the issue of racism in the larger societies of the US. Mark Isham composed the score for the film; his work mostly consisting of smooth, ethereal and other-worldly sounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Film Music – Crash or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scene in analysis consists of a car crash in which Officer John Ryan, a racist white cop who tries to save a black woman from her upturned car, his attempt in rescuing her being delayed as he realises that she is the woman he had sexually abused the night before. Mark Isham was born in New York City, USA. He grew up learning to play classical piano, violin and trumpet. He played jazz trumpet whilst in high school and ventured on to electronic music in his early 20s. He had simultaneous careers as a classical, jazz and rock musician, performing with acts such as the San Fransisco Opera, The Beach Boys, the famous jazz saxophonist Pharaoh Sanders and co-lead Rubisa Patrol with pianist Art Lande. In 1979, he formed the Group 87 ensemble with Peter Mannu, Patrick O’Hearn and Terry Bozzio, in which they released a self-titled debut album a year later and A Career in Dada Processing four years after. He also recorded and toured with Van Morrison’s band, playing trumpet and flugelhorn. (Oxford Online) Mark Isham started to develop his compositional skills in the 80s, using brass, electronics and his own trumpet. His work is quite extensive and can be heard in films, documentaries and children’s fairytales. Some films in which he’s worked in are The Times of Harvey Milk, Made In America, The Net, Kiss the Girls, Blade, Rules of Engagement and many more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Paul Haggis’s Crash is a film which delved into the ‘prejudices’ or racist attitudes that people have about others, in a larger society of the USA. The film’s foundation is the exploration of racism and how people’s cultural prejudices affects the lives of those around them. The film maintains its narrative around different characters, their lives, and these characters intertwining with the lives of the other characters. The main characters are: two young black car thieves, one of these young men is the missing brother of a black detective who’s partner is white; a black film director and his wife, his wife sexually abused by a white racist cop – his white partner having a problem with his unethical attitudes and behaviour; a white upper class lawyer and his wife; a Persian family who owns a store in which is robbed and vandalised and a Latino man, his wife and daughter. This film is set in a postmodern, post-civil rights, postracial, postfeminist, post-9/11 U. S. culture and so the various racial, social and cultural themes presented within Crash are a reflection of Haggis’ bold gesture to inform and challenge audiences about the ‘prejudices’ and cultural differences that everyone has. (Middleton, J. I, 2007) The scene in analysis is a scene in which a racist white cop Officer John Ryan gets to a crash scene and realises that the victim in the upturned car is Christine, the black woman he had wrongfully abused the night before. Her distress is heightened when she realises that he is the one who had abused her and his attempt in rescuing her is delayed and strived. The music in this excerpt is ethereal, haunting and ethereal, Isham’s use of electronics and ethnic sounds enables the audience to experience the emotions and journey of the characters on screen. The scene begins with the police car making its way towards the crash site. The cue in this instant consists of thick textured and ethereal string/ pad or electronic sounds which overall create an ambient and otherworldly atmosphere, which essentially remains consistent throughout the entire scene. As they get to the crash scene and Officer John Ryan gets out of the car, the sustained string/ pad sound changes harmony and is played in a higher register, the piano being struck with sustain and repeats the same note, driving the action and momentum forward on screen and also mirrors what is happening on screen, that is, John running to the upturned car. This change in feel; this uplifting, bright and ethereal music can also be indicative of John’s expected values that he is to uphold as a police officer, that is, bringing justice, helping people and protecting the people within his society. Furthermore, the smooth and ethereal score also illustrates not only the nobility of the values he is to uphold as a police officer, but also foreshadows the nobility and strength of character he is about to portray in the upcoming moments of attempting to rescue Christine. One can also say that it foreshadows the potential change of heart and perspective he undergoes as he encounters Christine and saves her life. As he is running towards the car, the music is dominant; the sound effects are sparse and soft, and so the music directly illustrates John’s desperation in getting to the car and also outlines his strength of character. Sound effects are heard in full when he reaches the car and he is contact with Christine and engages with dialogue. Obviously, the sound effects and the dialogue are heard as well the score, to engage the audience and reinforce the gravity of the situation and allows for the audience to empathise with both of the characters’ situations. The female voice is heard as soon as he reaches the car and engages with Christine. The female voice is singing in a foreign language, and is smooth, soft, tender and ethereal in tone and timbre. The female voice, in a way, is a portrayal of the shared experience of John and Christine. A single bass drum sound, like a timpani, is struck when Christine looks up and realises that it’s John who’s attempting to rescue her. The single hit of the bass drum reinforces her distress when the realisation of John being there occurs. Rather than feeling relieved that someone’s there to help her, her distress and fear dramatically increases due to what he had done to her the night before. When he asks to reach across her lap to free her from the seatbelt and she agrees, the viewer can hear a change in tone and atmosphere in the music. The female voice is absent and it becomes gentler in dynamics and thinner in texture with only the sustained electronic sounds and the piano playing notes in the higher register, sounding almost bell-like. The tension is broken as she realises the magnitude of her situation and allows him to come closer to her. The music therefore parallels the softening of the tension and drama, also portraying the understanding between the two characters. The female voice being absent is significant as it allows the viewer to engage with the emotions and experiences of the characters, also allowing the viewer to appreciate the change of hearts in both characters. The repetition of the same chord which is created by the synths, forewarn the viewer of the coming danger as the shot of the gasoline travelling closer to the car is seen and the female voice comes back in. This creates a feeling of suspense, even amongst the ethereal sounds of the electronic sounds. The music is therefore fuller in texture, symbolising added elements of danger on the screen and brings the viewer back to the drama and action of what is happening around them. The fuller texture is contrasting to the thinner texture of the music played in the moment between John and Christine, the fuller texture illustrating the outside world and the thinner texture representing the change process within each character. In the following sequence, the gasoline alights and explodes around the car, and John is pulled out and Christine is left in the car. The viewer can see Christine screaming and John shouting as he is pulled out of the car, which is now surrounded by fire. All the dialogue and sound effects are muted in this instant, therefore the ethereal music and the female vocals are dominant, which serves to highlight the emotional aspects of the scene, that is, Christine’s distress and hysteria and John’s desperation in rescuing her. The repeated chords re-occur as John goes back in to pull Christine out, the dialogue suddenly heard as he says ‘Pull! ’ in which then, the sound effects are heard again. These repeated chords are indicative of moving action that is, moving nearer to the subject on the screen, first with the gasoline coming towards the car, and then with John coming towards Christine to rescue her. It helps drive the action and prompts momentum on screen. The repeated chords are then consistently played throughout the scenes where Christine is pulled out of the car and they’re safe from harm. However, these chords are played by the piano and are different in timbre – they’re softer, light and gentler in sound and blend in with the sustained electronic sounds in the background. It creates a layer of constant sound and represents the characters’ overall freedom, not only from the physical danger but from the ‘prejudices’ they had of each other. The female vocals are still heard once they’re free from the car, finally stopping just before John and Christine embrace, and John comforts her. The female vocals are important as it symbolises the two characters sharing the experience and also their need of each other at that particular time. The vocals end just before the embrace as it has completed its purpose, in that it helped the characters through the situation achieve self-realisation: John redeeming himself in his act of selflessness and finding his strength of character and Christine allowing herself to be vulnerable and accept help from others; the embrace representative of the end of their journey. Isham talks about the score and states that certain scenes can come off as truly horrendous, and I felt like the music had to help you through the movie and be like a shepherding hand†¦ A friend of mine described the  score  as being like a guardian angel and there was a sense we had that that was what the  score  needed to do. (Bond, 2005) In conclusion, from the above quote, it’s clear that the cue acted as a guide for the characters on screen. This particular excerpt of the film is rather serious and distressing, yet the underscore for these sequences is overall tender, smooth and ethereal. This contrast in music and action on screen is effective in that the marriage of these two things help tell the narrative, explore the emotions of the main characters and engage and evoke the emotions of the film’s viewers. How to cite Film Music – Crash, Papers Film Music – Crash Free Essays CRITICAL STUDIES: Film Music Assessment 1: Research Essay Crash (2004) – Composer: Mark Isham Crash is a film directed by Paul Haggis and was released in 2004. The film depicts various social and political themes, the strongest being the issue of racism in the larger societies of the US. Mark Isham composed the score for the film; his work mostly consisting of smooth, ethereal and other-worldly sounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Film Music – Crash or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scene in analysis consists of a car crash in which Officer John Ryan, a racist white cop who tries to save a black woman from her upturned car, his attempt in rescuing her being delayed as he realises that she is the woman he had sexually abused the night before. Mark Isham was born in New York City, USA. He grew up learning to play classical piano, violin and trumpet. He played jazz trumpet whilst in high school and ventured on to electronic music in his early 20s. He had simultaneous careers as a classical, jazz and rock musician, performing with acts such as the San Fransisco Opera, The Beach Boys, the famous jazz saxophonist Pharaoh Sanders and co-lead Rubisa Patrol with pianist Art Lande. In 1979, he formed the Group 87 ensemble with Peter Mannu, Patrick O’Hearn and Terry Bozzio, in which they released a self-titled debut album a year later and A Career in Dada Processing four years after. He also recorded and toured with Van Morrison’s band, playing trumpet and flugelhorn. (Oxford Online) Mark Isham started to develop his compositional skills in the 80s, using brass, electronics and his own trumpet. His work is quite extensive and can be heard in films, documentaries and children’s fairytales. Some films in which he’s worked in are The Times of Harvey Milk, Made In America, The Net, Kiss the Girls, Blade, Rules of Engagement and many more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Paul Haggis’s Crash is a film which delved into the ‘prejudices’ or racist attitudes that people have about others, in a larger society of the USA. The film’s foundation is the exploration of racism and how people’s cultural prejudices affects the lives of those around them. The film maintains its narrative around different characters, their lives, and these characters intertwining with the lives of the other characters. The main characters are: two young black car thieves, one of these young men is the missing brother of a black detective who’s partner is white; a black film director and his wife, his wife sexually abused by a white racist cop – his white partner having a problem with his unethical attitudes and behaviour; a white upper class lawyer and his wife; a Persian family who owns a store in which is robbed and vandalised and a Latino man, his wife and daughter. This film is set in a postmodern, post-civil rights, postracial, postfeminist, post-9/11 U. S. culture and so the various racial, social and cultural themes presented within Crash are a reflection of Haggis’ bold gesture to inform and challenge audiences about the ‘prejudices’ and cultural differences that everyone has. (Middleton, J. I, 2007) The scene in analysis is a scene in which a racist white cop Officer John Ryan gets to a crash scene and realises that the victim in the upturned car is Christine, the black woman he had wrongfully abused the night before. Her distress is heightened when she realises that he is the one who had abused her and his attempt in rescuing her is delayed and strived. The music in this excerpt is ethereal, haunting and ethereal, Isham’s use of electronics and ethnic sounds enables the audience to experience the emotions and journey of the characters on screen. The scene begins with the police car making its way towards the crash site. The cue in this instant consists of thick textured and ethereal string/ pad or electronic sounds which overall create an ambient and otherworldly atmosphere, which essentially remains consistent throughout the entire scene. As they get to the crash scene and Officer John Ryan gets out of the car, the sustained string/ pad sound changes harmony and is played in a higher register, the piano being struck with sustain and repeats the same note, driving the action and momentum forward on screen and also mirrors what is happening on screen, that is, John running to the upturned car. This change in feel; this uplifting, bright and ethereal music can also be indicative of John’s expected values that he is to uphold as a police officer, that is, bringing justice, helping people and protecting the people within his society. Furthermore, the smooth and ethereal score also illustrates not only the nobility of the values he is to uphold as a police officer, but also foreshadows the nobility and strength of character he is about to portray in the upcoming moments of attempting to rescue Christine. One can also say that it foreshadows the potential change of heart and perspective he undergoes as he encounters Christine and saves her life. As he is running towards the car, the music is dominant; the sound effects are sparse and soft, and so the music directly illustrates John’s desperation in getting to the car and also outlines his strength of character. Sound effects are heard in full when he reaches the car and he is contact with Christine and engages with dialogue. Obviously, the sound effects and the dialogue are heard as well the score, to engage the audience and reinforce the gravity of the situation and allows for the audience to empathise with both of the characters’ situations. The female voice is heard as soon as he reaches the car and engages with Christine. The female voice is singing in a foreign language, and is smooth, soft, tender and ethereal in tone and timbre. The female voice, in a way, is a portrayal of the shared experience of John and Christine. A single bass drum sound, like a timpani, is struck when Christine looks up and realises that it’s John who’s attempting to rescue her. The single hit of the bass drum reinforces her distress when the realisation of John being there occurs. Rather than feeling relieved that someone’s there to help her, her distress and fear dramatically increases due to what he had done to her the night before. When he asks to reach across her lap to free her from the seatbelt and she agrees, the viewer can hear a change in tone and atmosphere in the music. The female voice is absent and it becomes gentler in dynamics and thinner in texture with only the sustained electronic sounds and the piano playing notes in the higher register, sounding almost bell-like. The tension is broken as she realises the magnitude of her situation and allows him to come closer to her. The music therefore parallels the softening of the tension and drama, also portraying the understanding between the two characters. The female voice being absent is significant as it allows the viewer to engage with the emotions and experiences of the characters, also allowing the viewer to appreciate the change of hearts in both characters. The repetition of the same chord which is created by the synths, forewarn the viewer of the coming danger as the shot of the gasoline travelling closer to the car is seen and the female voice comes back in. This creates a feeling of suspense, even amongst the ethereal sounds of the electronic sounds. The music is therefore fuller in texture, symbolising added elements of danger on the screen and brings the viewer back to the drama and action of what is happening around them. The fuller texture is contrasting to the thinner texture of the music played in the moment between John and Christine, the fuller texture illustrating the outside world and the thinner texture representing the change process within each character. In the following sequence, the gasoline alights and explodes around the car, and John is pulled out and Christine is left in the car. The viewer can see Christine screaming and John shouting as he is pulled out of the car, which is now surrounded by fire. All the dialogue and sound effects are muted in this instant, therefore the ethereal music and the female vocals are dominant, which serves to highlight the emotional aspects of the scene, that is, Christine’s distress and hysteria and John’s desperation in rescuing her. The repeated chords re-occur as John goes back in to pull Christine out, the dialogue suddenly heard as he says ‘Pull! ’ in which then, the sound effects are heard again. These repeated chords are indicative of moving action that is, moving nearer to the subject on the screen, first with the gasoline coming towards the car, and then with John coming towards Christine to rescue her. It helps drive the action and prompts momentum on screen. The repeated chords are then consistently played throughout the scenes where Christine is pulled out of the car and they’re safe from harm. However, these chords are played by the piano and are different in timbre – they’re softer, light and gentler in sound and blend in with the sustained electronic sounds in the background. It creates a layer of constant sound and represents the characters’ overall freedom, not only from the physical danger but from the ‘prejudices’ they had of each other. The female vocals are still heard once they’re free from the car, finally stopping just before John and Christine embrace, and John comforts her. The female vocals are important as it symbolises the two characters sharing the experience and also their need of each other at that particular time. The vocals end just before the embrace as it has completed its purpose, in that it helped the characters through the situation achieve self-realisation: John redeeming himself in his act of selflessness and finding his strength of character and Christine allowing herself to be vulnerable and accept help from others; the embrace representative of the end of their journey. Isham talks about the score and states that certain scenes can come off as truly horrendous, and I felt like the music had to help you through the movie and be like a shepherding hand†¦ A friend of mine described the  score  as being like a guardian angel and there was a sense we had that that was what the  score  needed to do. (Bond, 2005) In conclusion, from the above quote, it’s clear that the cue acted as a guide for the characters on screen. This particular excerpt of the film is rather serious and distressing, yet the underscore for these sequences is overall tender, smooth and ethereal. This contrast in music and action on screen is effective in that the marriage of these two things help tell the narrative, explore the emotions of the main characters and engage and evoke the emotions of the film’s viewers. How to cite Film Music – Crash, Essay examples

ICT-Cyber Crime

Question: What is the ICT-Cyber Crime ? Answer : Introduction The ethical dilemma is about the systems where there is an involvement of all the mental conflicts with the problems of the moral imperatives. There have been considerations about the situations where the different course of actions is necessary for determining the ethics, values, morals and the different laws. The principles include the group to identify situations for the right course of action where the reliability is on handling the logical and the regional criteria with cognitive process. (Chell et al., 2016). The description is based on the value or the prize where the feeling is the affective component. The report is about how the ethical issues have a significant impact on the organization set in regards to ICT tools. The discussion is about the ABC Company which has been facing the problem of the cybercrime and cyber security and hacking. The description is mainly related to the problems with the discussions about how the issues are settled in the business organization. Description of the Case ABC Company works on the architectural designing, and all the data is set in the computer systems so that all the employees could easily access it. The designs are set to the primary database server for correctly handling the networking with the other employees so that they can work on it by just logging in to their account. The designs for any architectural company are the intellectual models that are confidential in the database of the network. But with time, it was noticed that all the architectural plans are being hacked by the competitor company. (Crane et al., 2016). The error messages clearly showed that the cyber-hacking is taking place where there is no major evidence about the stealing as it was done in a systematic manner, where the data was used by the other company with the development set before the ABC. (Dugan et al., 2016). Analysis With the development, it was also found that the company is involved in the growth phase where the primary outlet for the designing was funded, and the employees were hired for the same. The target was the new customers so that the architectural company ABC could be popular in the market. But with time, it was also found that the designs for the target market under a particular range for all the houses, or the buildings, etc., were leaked. The Doing Ethics Technique has been necessary to analyze the effects with the setup of all the issues or the problems which have been discussed: What is going and what are the facts for the ethical issue? The hackers used the technique of cybercrime to hack the server of the ABC Company where the designs were completely stolen, and the product range of the company was also utilized for the business development of the rival company. (Fiolleau et al., 2016). What is the issue of accessibility? With the patterns set, the issue is the major ethical fact where the hackers directly got the entry for the database of the system. It led to stealing the designs in the completely unauthentic manner where the access has been driven mainly by the confidential data with proper designing. Who has been affected? It has been seen that the stakeholders of the company have been majorly affected with this, as they trusted the architectural company to work on the same. The delivery of the products was based on attracting all the new customers with the range of growing business, and stealing the designs was sued due to hacking. There has been a huge loss with the problems related to the product demands. What has been the ethical issue and their implication? Considering the standards of the company, the focus has been mainly on not able to claim for the designs. (Hindley et al., 2017). The ABC Company had to lose their company graphics and the information which was copied and gradually hacked by the rival company, unknowingly. Along with this, there has been no trademark that the designs only belong to the ABC Company and so there is no possibility to claim for the problem that occurred. The result of this was that there had been no possible generation of revenue. What can be done about it? Presently, nothing can be done for the loss, but in future, it is important that the server is improved and the designs are registered under the government with a copyright mark so that any hacking could not take away the rights of the company. (Mullen et al., 2016). What options are best for this? To comment on the options, the improvement in the infrastructure is necessary, to the network security standards, to meet the demands of the clients as well. This will help in overcoming all the problems with the protection from the firewall as well as correctly accessing the database with the better issues. Conclusion With this, the ethical standards are necessary to be met so that the company ABC can handle the loss along with trademark the designs. The company could not claim for the stolen designs as there was no evidence of proof for the same. (Dugan et al., 2016). The issue could not easily be resolved for this but could be taken care of the same in future through better network security setup. Reference Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), 619-625. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dugan, M. T., Taylor, G. (2016). ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: AN INSTRUCTIONAL CASE.Journal of the International Academy for Case S Fiolleau, K., Kaplan, S. E. (2016). Recognizing ethical issues: An examination of practicing industry accountants and accounting students.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-18. Hindley, A., Font, X. (2017). Ethical Issues of Consumer Behaviour. Routledge. Mullen, E. W., Cory, S. N., Martinez, G. (2016). ETHICAL ISSUES AND SELLING: PERCEPTIONS OF MEN AND WOMEN.International Journal of Sales, Retailing Marketing,5(2).

The Jesus Prayer free essay sample

A look at the book by J.D. Salinger called Franny and Zooey. This paper examines the religious experiences of the main characters of the novel Franny and Zooey by J.D. Salinger. Franny claims to have a sort of revelation Jesus Prayer in the beginning of the book and this is mocked by her brother Zooey. This paper first examines what is the Jesus Prayer. It then goes on to examine why and J.D. Salinger uses it in his novel and how it functions in the novel. It also explores the nature of religious experience as revealed by the characters and actions of Franny and Zooey. From the paper: Zooey cannot see how Frannys use of the Jesus Prayer the prayer that left her at the end of the first section lying exhausted and hungry, staring at the ceiling of the managers office in a restaurant, her lips moving is a religious experience. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jesus Prayer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (41-44) However, this paper will assert that contrary to what Zooey states, Franny has had a religious experience in the first part of the book. It is perhaps not quite a religious experience as defined on Zooeys terms, nor the sort of religious experience Franny herself believes she has had, before she has the confrontation with her brother. But it is religious none the less. This is because her use of the Jesus prayer, misguided as it is, brings both Franny and her brother to a kind of appreciation and acceptance of the world that they did not have at the beginning of the novel.

The Rise Of Communism In Russia Essays (2683 words) - Old Bolsheviks

The Rise of Communism in Russia Unless we accept the claim that Lenin's coup gave birth to an entirely new state, and indeed to a new era in the history of mankind, we must recognize in today's Soviet Union the old empire of the Russians -- the only empire that survived into the mid 1980's? (Luttwak, 1). In their Communist Manifesto of 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels applied the term communism to a final stage of socialism in which all class differences would disappear and humankind would live in harmony. Marx and Engels claimed to have discovered a scientific approach to socialism based on the laws of history. They declared that the course of history was determined by the clash of opposing forces rooted in the economic system and the ownership of property. Just as the feudal system had given way to capitalism, so in time capitalism would give way to socialism. The class struggle of the future would be between the bourgeoisie, who were the capitalist employers, and the proletariat, who were the workers. The struggle would end, according to Marx, in the socialist revolution and the attainment of full communism (Groiler's Encyclopedia). Socialism, of which ?Marxism-Leninism? is a takeoff, originated in the West. Designed in France and Germany, it was brought into Russia in the middle of the nineteenth century and promptly attracted support among the country's educated, public-minded elite, who at that time were called intelligentsia (Pipes, 21). After Revolution broke out over Europe in 1848 the modern working class appeared on the scene as a major historical force. However, Russia remained out of the changes that Europe was experiencing. As a socialist movement and inclination, the Russian Social-Democratic Party continued the traditions of all the Russian Revolutions of the past, with the goal of conquering political freedom (Daniels 7). As early as 1894, when he was twenty-four, Lenin had become a revolutionary agitator and a convinced Marxist. He exhibited his new faith and his polemical talents in a diatribe of that year against the peasant-oriented socialism of the Populists led by N.K. Mikhiaiovsky (Wren, 3). While Marxism had been winning adherents among the Russian revolutionary intelligentsia for more than a decade previously, a claimed Marxist party was bit organized until 1898. In that year a ?congress? of nine men met at Minsk to proclaim the establishment of the Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party. The Manifesto issued in the name of the congress after the police broke it up was drawn up by the economist Peter Struve, a member of the moderate ?legal Marxist? group who soon afterward left the Marxist movement altogether. The manifesto is indicative of the way Marxism was applied to Russian conditions, and of the special role for the proletariat (Pipes, 11). The first true congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party was the Second. It convened in Brussels in the summer of 1903, but was forced by the interference of the Belgian authorities to move to London, where the proceedings were concluded. The Second Congress was the occasion for bitter wrangling among the representatives of various Russian Marxist Factions, and ended in a deep split that was mainly caused by Lenin -- his personality, his drive for power in the movement, and his ?hard? philosophy of the disciplined party organization. At the close of the congress Lenin commanded a temporary majority for his faction and seized upon the label ?Bolshevik? (Russian for Majority), while his opponents who inclined to the ?soft? or more democratic position became known as the ?Mensheviks? or minority (Daniels, 19). Though born only in 1879, Trotsky had gained a leading place among the Russian Social-Democrats by the time of the Second party Congress in 1903. He represented ultra-radical sentiment that could not reconcile itself to Lenin's stress on the party organization. Trotsky stayed with the Menshevik faction until he joined Lenin in 1917. From that point on, he acomidated himself in large measure to Lenin's philosophy of party dictatorship, but his reservations came to the surface again in the years after his fall from power (Stoessinger, 13). In the months after the Second Congress of the Social Democratic Party Lenin lost his majority and began organizing a rebellious

Letter to Editor Essay Essays - Articles, Food And Drink

My thoughts on Jeremy Rifkin are very different because some of the claims that he makes are not wrong I also do believe that animals should be cared for and get love and affection but the obvious problem here is that this is one of our biggest sources of food in the earth. If people decide that animals are the same as humans then our population will drastically plummet and you can not look past the hard facts. Reasoning for writing this is because as you know Rifkin is an economist and this just does not make him sound credible anymore because of what the topic is that he is speaking on he is trying to make scientific claims and yet he knows that there will be backlash because he is an economist. As you read Rifkin makes extensive claims that pigs need human contact and that they need to have toys and must be played with but does he ever think that some kids in the world has none of this , they don't have toys or someone to care for them and people think that this type of emotional neglect is ten times harder on a human child than it is on something like a pig. It makes you think maybe Rifkin just cares about animal rights and is a vegan or vegetarian because he does leave out a lot of information on all of this article. Animals are very smart creatures obviously people see this on a day to day basis threw social media and such and it is an amazing thing what some animals can do but you have to think about the rest of the world when making claims that say you must change your ways of life from eating meat and this is actually extremely hard for some people. If you put our population into perspective 7% of the population actually doesn't eat meat this is a huge difference from the people who do eat meat. You can think of this from both sides and say, yes animals are alike to humans but you have to understand that our population is not going to give up meat in the snap of a finger because that means a lot especially to americans eat 55.6 pounds of meat are consumed a year just by the U.S alone . Maybe as prices rise more and more and people might want to quit meat but only time can tell. The meat that people eat do vary from cow, chicken, pigs, horse, even alligator so this is something that you must l ook at all of these are animals yet the people are not going to be able to do anything at all people the there is not enough people in this world to fight against the people who like meat.Rifkin does make good points throughout the article but he is not credible and it seems that Rifkin is an animal activist and wants to prove a point. People do have right to their own opinion and in this case Rifkin wants to just inform people of what is happening but Rifkin must understand that he is not going to look credible mainly because of his occupation at the moment maybe it will change in the future. The science experiments he was talking about have some credibility because these things really did happen but .In conclusion Rifkin has never written on this topic but did research beforehand just to make the article sound appealing to a minor audience.

JavaScript and Emails †Expert Guide

JavaScript and Emails - Expert Guide When writing an email the two main choices that you have are to write the email in plain text or to use HTML. With plain text all you can place in the email itself is text and anything else must be an attachment. With HTML in your email, you can format the text, incorporate images, and do most of the same things in the email that you can do in a web page. As you can incorporate JavaScript into HTML in a web page, you can of course similarly incorporate JavaScript into HTML in an email. Why Isnt  JavaScript Used in HTML Emails? The answer to this relates to a fundamental difference between web pages and emails. With web pages, it is the person browsing the web who decides which web pages they visit. A person on the web is not going to visit pages that they believe may contain anything that might be harmful to their computer such as a virus. With emails, it is the sender who has the most control over what emails are sent and the recipient has less control. The entire concept of spam filtering to try to strip out junk emails that are not wanted is one indication of this difference. Because emails that we dont want can get through our spam filter we want the emails that we do see to be made as harmless as we can make them just in case something destructive does get past our filter. Also while viruses can be attached to both emails and web pages, those in emails are far more common. For this reason, the vast majority of people have the security settings in their email program set much higher than they have set in their browser. This higher setting usually means that they have their email program set up to ignore any JavaScript that might be found in the email. Of course, the reason why most HTML emails dont contain JavaScript because they dont have any need for it. Where there would be a use for JavaScript in an HTML email those who understand that JavaScript is disabled in most email programs will produce an alternative solution where the email links to a web page that contains the JavaScript. The Only Time JavaScipt Is Placed in Email There will only be two groups of people who place JavaScript into their emails - those who have not yet realised that the security settings in email programs are different from that in web pages so that their JavaScript isnt going to run and those who deliberately place JavaScript into their email so that it will automatically install a virus onto the computer of those few people who have the security settings in their browser misconfigured so that their JavaScript can run.

Myths and Misconceptions About Tree Roots Explained

Myths and Misconceptions About Tree Roots Explained The root system of a tree  is seldom on the radar for forest owners and tree lovers. Roots are rarely exposed so misconceptions about how they grow and function can influence tree managers into bad decision making. You can grow a healthier tree if you understand its root system. Here are several tree root myths that  may change how you perceive your tree and correct the way you plant and grow the plant. Myth 1: All Trees Have Single Tap Roots Most trees do not have tap roots after the seedling stage. They quickly produce water-seeking lateral and feeder roots. When a tree is grown in deep, well-drained soil, these trees will develop many deep roots directly surrounding the trunk. They should not be confused with what we think of as a taproot similar to other vegetable plants like carrots and turnips or the tap roots of tree seedlings. Shallow, compacted soils will eliminate deep roots altogether and you will have a feeder root mat with very few deep roots. These trees get most of their water above the water table level and are subject to damaging windthrow and severe drought. Myth 2: Tree Roots Will Grow Only to a Tree's Dripline There is a belief that roots tend to stay under a trees leaf canopy. That seldom happens. Trees in a forest have roots reaching well beyond their individual branches and leaves in search of water and nutrients. Studies have shown that roots actually grow laterally to a distance equal to the height of the tree. One report from the University of Florida extension says Roots on trees and shrubs planted in a landscape grow to 3 times the branch spread within 2 to 3 years of planting. Trees standing together in a forest send roots beyond their individual limbs and intermingle with the roots of neighboring trees. Myth 3: Damaged Roots Result in Canopy Dieback on the Same Side This does happen, but it should not be assumed as a foregone conclusion. University of Florida extension says that Roots on one side of trees such as oaks and mahogany generally supply the same side of the tree with water and nutrients. Dieback of individual branches and limbs will occur on the damaged root side. Interestingly, maple trees do not seem to show injury and drop leaves on the side of root injury. Instead, branch death may occur anywhere in the crown with some tree species like maples. Myth 4: Deeper Roots Secure Water and Nutrients On the contrary, the feeder roots in the top 3 inches of soil supply your tree with water and food. These delicate finer roots are concentrated in that upper soil and duff layer where immediate nutrients and moisture are quickly available. Minor soil disturbances can injure these feeder roots and remove a large portion of the absorbing roots on a tree. This is can significantly set a tree back. Major soil disturbances due to construction and severe compaction can kill a tree. Myth 5: Root Pruning Stimulates Root Branching When planting a trees root ball, It is very tempting to cut back on roots that are circling the ball. It is very often thought that a dense root ball will stimulate new feeder root growth, but that is not the case. Dont worry about encircling roots as they will correct that on a new site. Most new root growth occurs at the end of existing roots. Root pruning is often done at the nursery to accommodate packaging and to resume growth before the final sale. If you are planting the tree at its final site, it may be best that you gently break up the root ball but never prune root tips. Source Gilman, Edward. Dispelling Misperceptions About Trees. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, Aug. 2011.

Commonly Confused Words Have and of

Commonly Confused Words Have and of The sound of the preposition of  is similar to the sound of vethe shortened form of the helping verb have. As a result, of is sometimes misused in contractions. Usage Have  often functions as an auxiliary verb (or helping verb). In speech and informal writing, the contracted form ve  is sometimes used with the verbs could, must, should, would, may, and might. Of  is a  preposition, not a contraction. Examples Jed could have tried harder to help us.Jed said, I wouldve tried harder if Id known you were paying attention.Some of us must have been watching the game when the burglars broke into the house.If the Mets would have given him two more runs per game, Seaver would have won 20 games by the end of August. But that was one of those wouldve, couldve, shouldve scenarios.(Josh Rosengren, Hammerin Hank, George Almighty and the Say Hey Kid, 2008)The planning of the fly was an application of pure intelligence, morals not being concerned. Not one of us could have planned the fly, not one of us could have constructed him; and no one would have considered it wise to try, except under an assumed name.(Mark Twain, Thoughts of God, early 1900s) Usage Notes Mr. Wood, my English teacher, is always telling us that theres no such thing as must of, should of, could of, its must have, should have, could have. Mr. Wood says stuff like, The day you all get that simple little fact into your tiny little heads is the day I can retire a happy man. Well, this is all very well and good, but he doesnt need to be moaning on to me about it. (Hayley Long, Lottie Biggs Is [Not] Mad. Macmillan, 2009)When we speak, we slur these phrases so that they all sound as if they end in of, but in fact, all of them end in have. Their correct forms are may have, might have, must have, should have, would have, and could have. (Susan Thurman, The Only Grammar Book Youll Ever Need. FW Media, 2003)Some writers use of for ve deliberately to add flavor; should of and Id of have a drawled look that the more clipped shouldve and Idve lack. Ring Lardner and John OHara often used of for ve, and it is unlikely that either did it from ignorance. (Edward Johnson,  The Handbook of Good English. Washington Square, 1991)   Practice Exercises Fill in the blanks with either have or of. See how you did with the answers below. One _____ us made a mistake.It must _____ been you.She was one _____ the few gentlewomen I _____ ever known, and has remained throughout my life the measure _____ what a human being can be. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) Answers to Practice Exercises One  of  us made a mistake.It must  have  been you.She was one  of  the few gentlewomen I  have  ever known, and has remained throughout my life the measure  of  what a human being can be. (Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)

Environmental Interest Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Interest Groups - Essay Example An individual can become the volunteer of NWF at free cost by making online registration under â€Å"Volunteer† option in organization’s website. The NWF offers its members a flexible benefit package that contains variety of options; and this package allows the members or employees to customize the benefits in accordance with their individual/family needs. The NWF unites broad spectrum of people who maintain great concern on the sustainability of wildlife; and this group generally includes ‘wildlife gardeners, bird watchers, nature lovers, outdoor enthusiasts, and others’ (Siemann, 2009). Global warming is one of the potential current topics to NWF. In addition, human interference with nature is another current challenge that the organization takes into account. Unfair human interaction leads to a series of threats to wildlife conservation, air quality, and water resources. Sale of NWF’s Nature Education Merchandise constitutes one of the main revenu e sources of the organization. Donations from members, organizations, and other persons are other sources of income for National Wildlife Federation. For instance, the Mobile Giving Foundation is assisting NWF by raising funds for the Gulf oil spill.

Review the sound recording and music industry Essay

Review the sound recording and music industry - Essay Example Another important role in the music/audio industry that requires music technology and audio recording skills is the role of the Sound engineers. They must also possess the ability to recognise and describe the quality of musical sounds and other sounds, in order to be able to adjust and balance these sounds creatively. â€Å"Sound engineers also need to listen for different types of distortion. Music producers need to listen for intonation and timing problems, and DJs need to refine their listening skills in order to match speeds and keys and to recognise points at which to mix.† (http://www.wolvcoll.ac.uk/international/courses/music_tech.html) When working in the audio/music industry, whether as a recording or creative artist, or even in a managerial or supporting role, it is vital to plan and work towards the production of effective final studio products, so that these products can be marketed to the right target audience. Thus, during the planning of a recording session, or any music project, â€Å"effective teamwork is essential and is only possible when everyone involved understands the process.† (http://www.ehow.com/way_5471252_effective-teamwork-care-settings.html).

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example 2003, p. 285). Fair trade influence organizations and movements of products in the third world countries by ensuring that consumers pay fair prices for the products. Also, it ensures producers have healthy working conditions, and their rights are preserved from exploitation by some unethical consumer behaviors (Auger & Devinney 2007, p. 361). It is important to note that ethical consumer behaviour allows users to express their personal feelings freely and show the sense of responsibility to societies. It also enables them appreciate products from different companies (Auger et al. 2003, p. 299). Hines and Ames (2000), affirms that 68% of the population buys a product from a company because of the company’s ethical reputation. Also, they argue that 51% of the population makes purchases in different companies due to its behavior. This indicates that a higher per cent of the population are driven by the ethical standards of a producer to buy their products, and this encourages fair trading (Auger & Devinney 2007, p. 365). If the ethical reputation of a company is not standard, then most consumers will tend shy away from purchasing their products. This unethical behaviour can be in the forms of prices or the poor qualities of their products. It can also be due to weak and unhealthy working conditions of the workers and the violation of the consumer rights (Arvola & Vassallo 2008, p. 445). According to a study of a group of European consumers, indicates that most of the consumers are willing to pay more money for proved ethical products from the companies. These consumers are also willing to import ethical products from the producers in the developing countries thereby improving the standards of the producers. In his study of Belgian consumers, Dolan (2009, p. 38) indicated that most of the consumers are willing to pay about 10% more for fair-trade despite the country of

Evolution of Management Principles Research Paper - 1

Evolution of Management Principles - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that the evolution of management theories began after the industrial revolution.   As production increased with the introduction of large-scale machines in the manufacturing plants, the need to think of better ways to optimize workforce and limited resources gave birth to the scientific theory of management. Adam Smith was the first management thinker who thought of the effects of industrial revolution. In his quest to look for the better way to improve production, he introduced the factory system where a worker is only assigned to perform only one or few tasks to perform compared to the old system of craft-style manufacturing where workers are tasks to do everything. As a result of the introduction of Adam Smith’s factory system, manufacturing production significantly improved with each worker producing 48,000 pins per day compared to a mere few thousand productions with the old system. This was a result of job specialization and division of labor for better organizational performance and increased efficiency. Friedrich Wilhelm Taylor introduced scientific management or quantification of production in the manufacturing plant. He viewed an organization as a machine where its several parts should efficiently work. Taylor’s management theory espouses that if the amount of time and effort each worker expands to produce a unit of output can be reduced by increasing specialization and division of labor, the production processes will become more efficient. Use work slides or some other form of a carrier so that when a workman complete his operation, he drops the part always in the same place – which place must always be the most convenient place to his hand – and if possible have gravity carry the part to the next workman for his operation. They also studied the effects of fatigue and what contributes to job stress that leads to poor performance. They isolated factors—such as lighting, heating, the color of walls, and the design of tools and machines—that result in worker fatigue. Their pioneering studies paved the way for new advances in management theory.

Social Factors in Language Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Factors in Language Learning - Essay Example This paper declares that nowadays the English language undergoes several variations due to different factors. Among them people can distinguish regional, social, personal and even gender variations. The most widespread and obvious one is regional variation of the English language. This discussion explores that thanks to the popularity of American media and British culture the speakers of both models adopt certain vocabulary and pronunciation from each other. This process is commonly called accommodation. Apart from two main models of English regional variety of this language includes several dialectal variations. There are regional dialects of English both, in the USA and Great Britain. Dialects vary mostly in vocabulary and these differences are quite large and numerous. Unfortunately, this contrast between speakers sometimes leads to conflicts and bulling because one dialect is considered to be more privileged than the other. However, people should abandon this prejudice and treat everyone equally. Depending on people’s social identities, they use different types of language. There are many factors which predetermine the usage of certain constructions, words and intonation. They include the level of education, sex, occupying job and age. In some count ries with English speaking population social variation of the language does not play a huge role.

The Country I Live in Essay Example for Free

The Country I Live in Essay I living in Russia, love our country and is proud of it. The official name of our country is The Republic of the Russian Federation there are 21 republics and 65 other regions in the Russian Federation. The key symbol of Russia is the troika. The Nation government of Russia consist of the President, the Council of Ministers and Federal Assembly. There are two houses in the Federal Assembly: The Federal Council and the State Duma. The population of Russia is about 145000000. The ecological situation in Russia is not very safe. Pollution in some industrial towns is high. Some parts of western Russia were badly influenced by the radiation from Chernobyl in 1986. Russia is located in Northern hemisphere, in the north of continent Eurasia. She is washed by waters of Silent and Arctic oceans, and also Baltic, Black, Azov by the seas of Atlantic ocean and Caspian sea, More than 70 % of territory of Russia are occupied by plains and lowlands. In the south of the European part northern ridges of the Big caucasus (here there is the highest top of Russia Elbrus, 5 642) In Russia more than 120 thousand rivers and about 2 million lakes. The largest rivers: the Cupid, Lena, Yenisei, Irtysh, Ob, Volga, Kama; the largest lakes Caspian seas, Baikal, Ladoga, Onega. Position of Russia in northern part of Eurasia has caused her placing in Arctic, subarctic, moderated and partially in subtropical climatic belts. The prevailing part of territory is located in a moderate belt. A variety of a climate depends also on features of a relief and affinity or remoteness of ocean. Woods occupy over 40 % of territory. In territory of Russia there is a fifth part of all woods of the world and half of world coniferous woods. The fauna is various here live both polar bears, and walruses, both tigers, and leopards, etc. In Russia 35 national parks and 84 reserves are located. Unique in the country the natural park which is in city boundaries — Omsk  «the Birds harbour ». Moscow the capital of Russia and one of the worlds great cities. Yuri Dolgoruky founds Moscow in 1147. Today Moscow is the political centre of Russia, the countys leading city in population, industry and in culture importance. Moscow is definitely a city of contrasts. So rich in many ways, yet in other ways, quite poor. Moscow stands on the Moskva River in the centre of vast plain of European Russia. The climate is continental. Moscow is the largest industrial centre of Russia. The most important industries are those producing automobiles and trucks, machine tools, radio and television sets. The most important element in Moscows city transport is the metro subway. The system was began in 1935 and still developing. Some of the stations, especially the older ones, are highly decorate with marble, statues and mosaics. Moscow is a city where a lot can be seen and much can be done. You can seen: Red Square, St. Basils Cathedral, The Momunent to Minin and Pozharsky, Lobnoye Metro, The Spasskay Tower, The Lenin Mausoleum, The State History Museum, The State Department Store (GUM) and many other places. Moscow has numerous theaters, headed by the State Academic Bolshoi Theatre, which was founded in 1825. The citys principal drama theatre is the Moscow Art Theatre. Also of the worldwide fame are the State Central Puppet Theatre and Moscow State Circus. Moscow has some museums and art galleries of international rank. Among them are the State Pushkin of Fine Arts, with a fine international collection, and the State Tretyakov Gallery with an excellent collection of Russian paintings. Moscow is one of the cities of the world that must be seen. Russia has produced a great number of very creative and talented people, for example: Alexander Pushkin, Peter Tchaikovsky, Isaac Levitan, Georgy Zhykov, Yuti Gagarin, Andrei Sakharov, Boris Godunov, Vladimir Lenin, Vladimir Putin and e.t.c. Theatrical performances, museums and picture galleries in fact all aspects of Russian live prove that. The Russians are much interested it the rest of the world. Russian people are very hospitable, hardworking, friendly, open, honest, generous, kind, sometimes sentimental, sometimes careless, often unsmiling, having bold manners, sometimes lazy and selfish. Russian love animals, especially dogs and horses. Russian cultural level is quite high, Russian people like to read books, to visit theaters, museums and different concerts. We are the nation of sport lovers because our people like different kinds of sports and spend a lot of time going in for sport or just watching it. Many Russian are religious people. The main church is the Russian Orthodox Church. It has survived the hard times and now people speak about a rebirth of religion in the country. Russian keep our traditions because there are lots of traditions which have been maintained from ancient time. Russian national holidays — the holidays of Russian people connected with widespread national traditions of their carrying out. New year (in the night from December, 31st for January, 1st). It is accepted to decorate a premise the decorated New Year tree or branches. At midnight for January, 1st the congratulation of the head of the state and peal of bells obeys. On a table it is accepted to submit, among other, a Russian salad and champagne. To children give gifts (from Father Frost). According to sociological polls, it is the most celebrated holiday. Christmas (on January, 7th on new style and on December, 25th on Ã'ŽÐ »Ã ¸Ã °Ã ½Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã'Æ' to a calendar) — an orthodox holiday. At night before Christmas it is accepted to guess that was never approved by orthodox church. The holiday is marked by a solemn celebratory supper. The tradition to mark Christmas is officially restored in Post-Soviet Russia. Day of the defender of Fatherland (on February, 23rd) — widely celebrated mans holiday established at the Soviet power, and in Post-Soviet Russia become in the day off. Women congratulate men and give them gifts. Congratulations are accepted also by women-military men, and also participants of wars. The international womens day (on March, 8th) — female holiday officially established still at the Soviet power became in public marked. Men congratulate women, give them flowers and gifts. Maslenitsa (Pancake week) — week before the Lent. Has ancient pagan roots. During all week bake and eat pancakes. Easter — an orthodox holiday. Celebratory meal — Easter (cottage cheese with candied fruits), Easter cakes, coloured in red colour and welded eggs. Victory Day over Hitlerite Germany (on May, 9th) — an official All-Russia holiday. It is accepted to visit burial places of the soldiers who were lost during the Second World War, and to remember the fallen. Veterans put on awards and medals and accept congratulations. This day on Red Square military parade is spent. Celebratory actions last years are decorated by yellow-black Guards tapes. Day of national unity (on November, 4th). A Victory Day of Russian over the Polish invaders in 1612. This day across all Russia Russian nationalists spend Russian march. The greatest love of Russia is for tea – its drunk without milk and often served with homemade jam (varene), baranki and pirozhki. The mail dishes of the traditional menu are blini (homemade pancakes) with caviar, honey or sour crà ¨me; different soups (like shci and borshch), pirozhki, pelmyeni. Usually tourists buy traditional Russian souvenirs such as Martyoshka dolls, beautifully painted mugs, plates and spoons from the village of Khokhloma and Palekh boxes.

Event Driven Programming

Event Driven Programming P1 Describe the key features of event driven programming Event handlers The GUI is formed of a great deal of built in things such as text boxes, tool icons menus etc. When the user clicks on a mouse or presses a key on the keyboard they trigger these GUI features. This sort of interaction is called events. Windows operating systems provide the event driven program with these event triggers. The code is written so that it reacts to every event that arise through user interaction. Events are the activities which are carried out by the user when the program is being used. When the user clicks on any object then the Click event is executed. If the user repositions the mouse then the mouse move event occurs. By the similar method a program can produce Key down event, Key up event, mouse double click event. The event is perceived by a form or control. Code is initiated by a program in reaction to an event. All forms and controls in VB have a set of events already in place. If one of these events takes place, VB brings up the code in the related event process. Despite the fact that predefined collection of events are detected without human intervention by objects in VBA, it still up to the programmer to decide if and how they react to a specific event. Event procedures are written for events in order to make a control respond to an event. Different objects can trigger different event processes when an event happens, although a lot of objects recognise the same event. For instance,if a user clicks a userform, the Userform_Click event process takes place; if a user clicks a command button named CommandButton1, the CommandButton1_Click event procedure is triggered. Usually there are two different types of events. There are the events which are triggered by user interaction (clicking on a mouse, pressing a key on the keyboard) and there are System initiated events which are events produced to respond to a user action (scrolling text, highlight a button). Both of these events have to be dealt with in a UI. It is also possible that a user event triggers a system initiated event. What happens in a classic event driven application is the user opens the program and triggers an event by clicking on a button or pressing a key on the keyboard or the code in the program can trigger an event for example loading a form from the Load event procedure. The event is received by the program. If there is an event procedure in place for that particular event then the task is performed. The program then waits for another event to happen.   An event handler deals with these events. All events are parts of data from the main configuration usually the GUI toolkit. Event handlers are very important elements of event driven programming. The events are generated by the structure found on understanding lower-level interactions, which could be lower-level events themselves. For instance, by moving the mouse the program takes this to be a menu selection and timers running out. The events primarily are initiated from actions on the operating system level, for example, interrupts produced by hardware devices, software interrupt instructions, or state changes in polling. In these circumstances interrupt handlers and signal handlers relate to event handlers. An event loop is where the program takes delivery of an event, deals with the event and then waits for another event and then executes a trigger function to deal with it. Trigger functions are written to correspond to the necessary actions. The algorithm which has been prog rammed has to make sure that triggers which have been made available are performed as soon as they are required which as a result presents a software concept that imitates an interrupt driven structure. The event loop normally doesnt stop until the user closes the program. When it receives the event it initiates the suitable event handler. This will ultimately be built-in to your application as a window. You can insert controls to this which might include a text box, check box command buttons etc Every event is examined by a dispatcher so that it can decide what sort of event it is, and the event is then sent by the dispatcher to the associated handler so that the particular event can be processed. The dispatcher has to deal with a flow of input events. Once an event is transmitted it has to be looped back so that it can deal with the next event, this is done via the event loop. Several programs particularly those which control hardware could be endless and consequently would have to designate a special event to end the event stream (an end of file marker or pressing the escape key). For this to happen there has to be a quit facility in the dispatcher logic, so that an event looped can be stopped when the special event is found. In some circumstances, the dispatcher could decide that there is no suitable handler for the event. When this happens, the event could be ignored or an exception could be initiated. Events that dont have handlers would be ignored by A GUI program because GUI programs are only concerned about particular types of events. For example although it might act on a mouse click it may not act on mouse movement. In the majority of other programs if an event is not recognised then it is regarded as an error which causes an exception to be initiated. There is an event queue which is used for storing events when the dispatchers or handlers cant deal with the events as quickly as they come in. The events queue is brought in to the events stream where the stream can be temporarily held. When an event comes in it is put to the back of the queue and the dispatcher deals with the events at the front of the queue as quick as possible. Most GUI programs have an event queue. It might take longer to process larger events like mouse clicks, so at the same time this event is being dealt with other events such as mouse movement might build up in the queue however as soon as the dispatcher is ready it can quickly get rid of the meaningless mouse movement events so that the event queue is cleared out quickly. P2 What is most noticeable in event driven programming is the flexibility that it provides, and the way in which it makes an effort to be as modeless as much as it can.. Graphical user interface applications are usually programmed in an event driven way. Event Driven Programming is relatively easy to do especially in Visual Basic because they have incorporated some revolutionary tools to help us along. Drag and drop design tools, property sheets, plus click and code aids helps make EDP less of a burden. Because of the flexibility offered with Event driven programming, it is an extremely popular method, especially for creating GUI programs. With Visual Basic EDP is simple because we are given various design tools to work with in order to produce user interface components (windows and dialog boxes) On top of this we are also provided with a complete suite of Windows interface components (including command buttons, text fields, list boxes, pictures, drop-down menus and file system contr ols) which can be created at the touch of a button without the need to write any code.   The forms engine for producing the interface applies technology obtained from Cooper Software.  We can then add functionality to these interface components, which react to events. By programming in EDP we are also able to adapt procedures quickly and respond to faults. Event Driven programs are used in in Automatic Teller Machines (ATM), Point of Sale (POS) systems, certain types of smart cards, Internet kiosks and handheld devices M1 Windows Operating systems are event driven programs in two ways. In one way it is similar to EDP because it uses interrupt handlers which are used as direct event handlers for hardware events, but replaces the job of the dispatcher with CPU hardware. In Windows Operating systems, data and software interrupts are transferred to user processes which usually are written as event handlers themselves, so in short the Operating system perform as dispatchers. Microsoft Windows take action when initiated by messages which are sent to the main application thread. So that the program can receive these messages the program continuously calls the GetMessage function which is found in the event loop. This means that Microsoft Windows is event based. Once a little elective processing has been carried out, the DispatchMessage() is summoned to dispatch the message to the appropriate handler which is called the WindowProc. In Microsoft Windows a message loop is created by user-interactive procedures to react to events, the message is connected to the event and is forced on the OS. The event doesnt just have to be user interaction but can also be things like network traffic, system processing and timer activity. Windows operating systems also have an event queue (or message queue as it is in Windows) which is where the messages are kept. Messages are dispatched to a particular job among a cluster of collaborative jobs. Messages are received by a window handle object via a WinProc, all of which correspond to an independent task in that system. In order for the next message to be dispatched a task has to finish its job as quickly as possible. D1 Event driven Programs are able to set off warnings, based on business policies. With the network and applications repeatedly collecting and sharing observed events, organizations get direct access to â€Å"in-context† data on the root of the problem and the consequences if it was to happen. This facilitates combined decision-making which gives an organisation the power to avoid unfavourable situations and, finally, to enhance competiveness in numerous aspects. For example, if a sensor discovers that part of the equipment in an isolated plant has broke down. This data is linked to a customer contract which has a service-level agreement with it. A warning corresponding to the equipment which has broke down and its effect on the customer contract is dispatched to the appropriate personnel throughout the business —business analysts, plant operations, and production control personnel. At the same time, a meeting can be set up with these people so that they can consider th e effect of the fault, when it will be fixed, and how business procedures should be altered so that they are better prepare if it was to happen again in the future. Events dont just have to be triggered by user interaction but can also be triggered by other applications (application events) or by system events such as alarms or warnings. Copied Modern business processes often require the blending of automation into the work environment through the invocation of behind-the-scenes functions and procedures. Behind-the-scenes tasks can include the automatic production of output such as an invoice that prints automatically when an order is processed, a Web site that is automatically updated with current data, or an automatic e-mail with fresh report output when a transaction is completed. A solution often adopted is to write the application in the style of an event driven system. That is, something happening and to which a task should respond, is modelled as an event. The event is put together by a central thread of control, with the event and thread of execution being handed over to the appropriate task. It is now the tasks job to deal with that event and subsequently return the thread of execution back to the executive or dispatcher. In an event driven system, a task, when allowed to run, must return control when it no longer requires it or when it can not precede further. That is, the task cannot perform an operation which would cause execution to block within that task. If the task was half way through an operation and was waiting on more data, it would need to remember where it was and return. When the data it was waiting on arrived it would then continue from where it had previously stopped. The thread of execution must be given back to the dispatcher in order to allow other tasks to run and deal with their own events. The tasks therefore must cooperate with each other to ensure that all are able to get through their respective jobs. At a lower level, an event driven system can also be viewed as being a form of simulation system. In simulation systems, there is a list of jobs to be performed. The central executive or dispatcher retrieves the first job from the list and executes the code associated with the job. The code must eventually return so that succeeding jobs in the list can be executed. If it was not possible to finish an operation, the code for that job would add a new job to the end of the list of jobs such that the operation could be completed at a later time. The main difference with an event driven system is that the central executive or dispatcher must be aware of a number of primary event sources. When the dispatcher goes to retrieve the next job to execute, it must also check the event sources and if an event is waiting, create a job for the delivery of the event to the appropriate task. In a simulation system, when there are no more jobs to execute the program would terminate. For an event driven system, while ever any of the primary event sources are active and tasks are interested in events from those sources, the process will continue to execute. This means that if there were no jobs to execute in the list of jobs, the process would block and wait for an event to arrive. As the process itself is blocked, those events will of necessity be the result of some stimulus from the operating system. For example, a timer or alarm expiring, a signal being directed at the process, or data being ready for the process to read. But first, what are the business opportunities enabled by EDA and where do they exist? Consider the airline industry as a good example. Airline operators monitor weather sources, customer reservations, and air traffic control in real-time to manage their daily flight schedules. Their event-driven systems provide pricing adjustments and re-scheduling based on the real-time, complex analysis of those event streams in order to maximise their profitability and operational efficiency. This is a classic EDA benefit: optimised business operations with real-time information and increased operating margins Almost every company has a daily operational aspect that can benefit from an EDA solution. A poultry processor in the midwestern United States provides an example from the manufacturing sector. This processor utilises distributed cooling equipment throughout its plant to keep the temperature below 50 degrees as per U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations. Equipment malfunctions are very costly to the business all products within the processing area must be scrapped if the temperature rises above 50 degrees. The coolant substance is also a potentially harmful chemical, thus any leaks requires a plant evacuation. For all these reasons, the cooling equipment must be closely monitored and maintained, 247. This monitoring and maintenance is typically done on a regularly scheduled basis around the clock. That requires significant resources however, so the company implemented an EDA solution that included physical sensors to capture equipment diagnostic information across the plant. The diagnostic information is now automatically captured and analysed every few minutes, making it easy to identify pieces that are potential candidates for failure. Not only can they fix the equipment before it breaks, but they have also alleviated the need for round the clock maintenance staff in favour of a more management-by-exception approach. Greater efficiency and lower costs are not the only benefits. Companies are also using EDA solutions to generate a competitive advantage in their industries by providing unique and differentiated real-time services. EDA solutions provide excellent opportunities for companies to become a leader in their industry, through better management of their daily operations and the unique services they can provide to their customers. These solutions take advantage of existing IT investments, creating more value through the analysis and processing of events that already exist within most applications and IT systems. As EDA solutions have evolved into more standards-based and open systems, the speed and cost of implementation have also greatly decreased, making now an attractive time to invest.